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技术进步与钢铁工业的可持续发展

徐乐江

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第11期页码 5-11

摘要：

当前钢铁工业可持续发展的主要矛盾是资源的瓶颈和环境承载的超限。在加速行业重组，实现产业结构优化的同时，技术要素的提升是解决资源与环境问题的重要手段，促进技术进步是中国钢铁工业实现可持续发展的现实途径。

关键词：钢铁工业资源环境技术进步产业结构可持续发展

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三峡工程建筑物设计关键技术问题研究与实践

郑守仁,钮新强

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第7期页码 20-27

摘要：

针对三峡水利枢纽拦河大坝泄洪流量大、孔口多、泄洪消能结构复杂，岸坡厂房坝段基岩长大缓倾角结构面因坝后厂房深挖临空危及坝基稳定，坝体混凝土耐久性要求高且温控防裂困难；茅坪溪防护土石坝沥青混凝土心墙设计施工尚缺乏实践经验；电站运行水头高、变幅大，引水压力管道及进水口选型和蜗壳埋设方式技术复杂，地下电站采用变顶高尾水洞替代常规的尾水调压室；双线五级船闸运行水头高、输水水力条件复杂，且在山体深挖岩槽中修建，全衬砌船闸结构、高水头输水系统和大型人字闸门及启闭机设计难度大等关键技术问题,文章重点介绍了各建筑物设计研究解决问题的途径、采用的优选方案及技术措施和通过实践检验的创新成果。

关键词：三峡工程建筑物设计关键技术实践

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模块枪射孔技术在斜井定方位射孔中的应用

郑长建,郭景学,姜晓燕,王文昌

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 58-61

摘要：

模块枪电缆输送射孔技术，是指利用电缆输送方式来实现油管输送射孔的全过程。其设计思想不同于目前的常规射孔工艺技术，整个射孔枪系统采用模块化设计，通过一定的技术措施，能够实现定方位射孔。该技术综合了电缆输送射孔和油管输送射孔的优点，解决了电缆输送射孔和油管输送射孔工艺过程中存在的难点问题。文章着重介绍了模块枪定向射孔技术的系统构成、工艺原理以及大斜度井定方位射孔应用效果。

关键词：系统构成工艺原理应用

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Artificial intelligence in radiotherapy: a technological review

Ke Sheng

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 431-449 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0761-1

摘要： Radiation therapy (RT) is widely used to treat cancer. Technological advances in RT have occurred in the past 30 years. These advances, such as three-dimensional image guidance, intensity modulation, and robotics, created challenges and opportunities for the next breakthrough, in which artificial intelligence (AI) will possibly play important roles. AI will replace certain repetitive and labor-intensive tasks and improve the accuracy and consistency of others, particularly those with increased complexity because of technological advances. The improvement in efficiency and consistency is important to manage the increasing cancer patient burden to the society. Furthermore, AI may provide new functionalities that facilitate satisfactory RT. The functionalities include superior images for real-time intervention and adaptive and personalized RT. AI may effectively synthesize and analyze big data for such purposes. This review describes the RT workflow and identifies areas, including imaging, treatment planning, quality assurance, and outcome prediction, that benefit from AI. This review primarily focuses on deep-learning techniques, although conventional machine-learning techniques are also mentioned.

关键词： artificial intelligence radiation therapy medical imaging treatment planning quality assurance outcome prediction

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An Integrated Analysis on the Synergistic Reduction of Carbon and Pollution Emissions from China’s Iron and Steel Industry

Quanyin Tan,Fei Liu,Jinhui Li,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.018

摘要： Decarbonization and decontamination of the iron and steel industry (ISI), which contributes up to 15% to anthropogenic CO2 emissions (or carbon emissions) and significant proportions of air and water pollutant emissions in China, are challenged by the huge demand for steel. Carbon and pollutants often share common emission sources, indicating that emission reduction could be achieved synergistically. Here, we explored the inherent potential of measures to adjust feedstock composition and technological structure and to control the size of the ISI to achieve carbon emission reduction (CER) and pollution emission reduction (PER). We investigated five typical pollutants in this study, namely, petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants and chemical oxygen demand in wastewater, particulate matter, SO2, and NOx in off gases, and examined synergies between CER and PER by employing cross elasticity for the period between 2022 and 2035. The results suggest that a reduction of 8.7%–11.7% in carbon emissions and 20%–31% in pollution emissions (except for particulate matter emissions) could be achieved by 2025 under a high steel scrap ratio (SSR) scenario. Here, the SSR and electric arc furnace (EAF) ratio serve critical roles in enhancing synergies between CER and PER (which vary with the type of pollutant). However, subject to a limited volume of steel scrap, a focused increase in the EAF ratio with neglection of the available supply of steel scrap to EAF facilities would lead to an increase carbon and pollution emissions. Although CER can be achieved through SSR and EAF ratio optimization, only when the crude steel production growth rate remains below 2.2% can these optimization measures maintain the emissions in 2030 at a similar level to that in 2021. Therefore, the synergistic effects between PER and CER should be considered when formulating a development route for the ISI in the future.

关键词： Iron and steel industry Carbon and pollution emissions Synergistic reduction Technological structure Steel scrap Cross-elasticity

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煤炭产业技术创新战略的探讨

陈立武,李冬东

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第11期页码 26-32

摘要：

在分析和探讨技术创新及其战略理论的基础上，分析了我国煤炭产业的技术创新及其战略问题，考虑到技术发展阶段差异较大的特点，先进企业的创新战略应选择率先创新与模仿创新并存，其他大多数企业则应主要采用模仿创新战略，并形成产学研相结合、主体及模式多元化的集成创新格局。

关键词：技术创新煤炭产业战略

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Technological lubricating means: Evolution of materials and ideas

Vladimir A. GODLEVSKIY

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第1期页码 101-107 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0369-y

摘要：

The main stages of technological lubricating material development from ancient times to date are described. How the chemical composition of these products changed with time, how new ideas revealing the physical and chemical basics of external media that influence the mechanical processing of materials appeared, how these ideas explained the differences between traditional tribology and specific technology of metal processing are discussed. The question of the possible realization of Rehbinder’s adsorption effect in contact zone is also stated. The description of a very captivating problem is related to the explanation of the mechanism of lubricant penetration into the contact zone between the material being processed and the tool. The birth and development of the hypothesis of microcapillary penetration of the lubricant into the dynamically changed intersurface clearance that has finally led to formulating the “necessary kinetic condition of the lubricating activity” is relayed.

关键词： technological lubrication and cooling metal cutting grinding lubrication action tribology

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Technological development and engineering applications of novel steel-concrete composite structures

Jianguo NIE, Jiaji WANG, Shuangke GOU, Yaoyu ZHU, Jiansheng FAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 1-14 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0514-x

摘要：

In view of China’s development trend of green building and building industrialization, based on the emerging requirements of the structural engineering community, the development and proposition of novel resource-saving high-performance steel-concrete composite structural systems with adequate safety and durability has become a kernel development trend in structural engineering. This paper provides a state of the art review of China’s cutting-edge research and technologies in steel-concrete composite structures in recent years, including the building engineering, the bridge engineering and the special engineering. This paper summarizes the technical principles and applications of the long-span bi-directional composite structures, the long-span composite transfer structures, the comprehensive crack control technique based on uplift-restricted and slip-permitted (URSP) connectors, the steel plate concrete composite (SPCC) strengthen technique, and the innovative composite joints. By improving and revising traditional structure types, the comprehensive superiority of steel-concrete composite structures is well elicited. The research results also indicate that the high-performance steel-concrete composite structures have a promising popularizing prospect in the future.

关键词： high-performance composite structure bi-directional composite composite transfer uplift-restricted and slip-permitted connectors steel plate concrete composite strengthen

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Key technological innovations in the construction of the main terminal of Beijing Daxing International

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第4期页码 689-694 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0223-3

关键词： Beijing Daxing International Airport main terminal architectural technology innovation

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解读技术社会工程师伦理的基本原则

龙翔

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第11期页码 167-171

摘要：

人类正在步入技术社会，在技术已经成为我们的生活方式的社会中，作为技术发明和技术应用的主体———工程师，其伦理取向和伦理责任意识将直接影响到人类的生存和发展。从伦理的角度规范和控制工程师的行为已经成为必然。文章探讨了现代技术社会工程师应该遵循的五项基本伦理原则。

关键词：技术社会工程师伦理原则

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Theoretical and technological exploration of deep

Heping XIE, Yang JU, Shihua REN, Feng GAO, Jianzhong LIU, Yan ZHU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 603-611 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0643-x

摘要： Mining industries worldwide have inevitably resorted to exploiting resources from the deep underground. However, traditional mining methods can cause various problems, e.g., considerable mining difficulty, environmental degradations, and frequent disastrous accidents. To exploit deep resources in the future, the concept of mining must be reconsidered and innovative new theories, methods, and technologies must be applied. To effectively acquire coal resources deeper than 2000 m, new theoretical and technological concepts about deep fluidized mining are required. The limits of mining depth need to be broken to acquire deep-coal resources in an environmentally friendly, safe, and efficient manner. This is characterized by ‘There are no coal on the ground and no men in the coal mine’. First, this paper systematically explains deep fluidized coal mining. Then, it presents a new theoretical concept, including the theories of mining-induced rock mechanics, three-field visualization, multi-physics coupling for transformation, and mining, transformation and transport. It also presents key technological concepts, including those of intelligent, unmanned, and fluidized mining. Finally, this paper presents a strategic roadmap for deep fluidized coal mining. In summary, this paper develops new theoretical and technological systems for accomplishing groundbreaking innovations in mining technologies of coal resources in the deep underground.

关键词： coal resource deep in situ fluidized mining theoretical system key technologies strategic roadmap

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技术科学的发展与技术科学的社会价值

黄志澄

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第1期页码 10-14

摘要：

文章首先介绍钱学森先生关于技术科学的论述，重点从信息科学的发展，讨论了近代技术科学发展的特点，在这个基础上, 从应用价值、文化价值和精神价值等方面，进一步探讨了技术科学的社会价值。

关键词：钱学森技术科学信息科学系统科学科学、技术与社会社会价值

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三峡工程科技进步与创新

张超然,孙志禹

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第7期页码 33-37

摘要：

三峡工程在设计、建设和运行过程中，对我国水利水电工程建设、机电设备制造和生态环境保护等各个领域提出了巨大的挑战。针对三峡工程建设的关键技术和难题，国内各个领域的专家学者，进行联合科研攻关，取得了一系列重大创新成果，提高了我国相关领域的科技水平。简要列举了三峡工程建设和运行过程中形成的主要创新成果，对我国今后重大水利水电工程建设和水电清洁能源开发具有重要意义。

关键词：三峡工程科技创新生态环境保护

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中国海洋石油勘探开发科技创新体系建设

傅成玉

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第8期页码 15-21

摘要：

主要介绍了中国海洋油气勘探开发科技体系建设的背景、发展历程、建设思路、主要内容、建设特色、建设效果和带动作用。在中国海洋石油总公司（中国海油）近30年的快速发展过程中，科技创新体系一直发挥了重要的支撑和引领作用。中国海油围绕“建立与国际一流能源公司相适应的科技创新体系，支撑和引领公司高速高效可持续发展”的目标，努力建设技术创新能力和科技核心竞争力，完善科技创新组织体系、管理体系和技术体系。在实施过程中产生了许多具有“海油特色”的工作亮点，取得了科技核心竞争力与企业总体实力双提升的良好效果，支撑建立起了中国特色的现代海洋石油工业体系，为保障国家能源安全、维护海洋主权、带动国民经济发展做出了突出贡献。

关键词：海洋石油天然气勘探开发科技创新体系建设

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浙江省制造业技术改造智能升级的经验与启示

季桓永,周源

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第4期页码 122-126 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.04.020

摘要：

实现制造业技术改造智能升级是深化供给侧结构性改革的重要举措，然而我国制造业整体发展水平不均，有效地推动产业基础广泛的转型更迭是现阶段我国产业政策的难点。2013年以来，浙江省在推进制造业技术改造智能升级方面积累了丰富的工作经验，并在提高制造业产品质量、缓解招工压力、改善投资结构、培育新兴产业等方面取得了显著成果。本文基于对浙江省制造业的实地调研，归纳梳理了浙江省在制造业技术改造智能升级过程中在发挥政府引导、激发企业主观能动性、优化市场供给等方面的主要做法及成效。文章最后为我国全面推进制造业智能化技术改造提供了政策建议。

关键词：浙江省技术改造智能升级经验启示